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References to the papers, companies, and associations
below are presented in Land and Water's July/August issue in the
article, Geosynthetics Solutions to Agricultural Challenges,
written by Elizabeth
Peggs of geosynthetica.net:
 Paper
Title: Forensic
Study of an HDPE Liner after 10 Years of Exposure
Authors: Matthew W. Adams and Nicole Wagner
This is a detailed forensic study of high
density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane material that was installed
Ohio, USA. Specifically, 40 mil (1.0 mm) HDPE smooth geomembrane
was used to line a wastewater pre-treatment facility that contained
water from a fruit concentrate processing plant. Upon removal
of the geomembrane from the installation site, samples were
re-evaluated for physical property integrity. The results show
minimal property degradation after over 10 years in active
service.
Paper
Title: NRCS
Conservation Practice Standard 521A, Pond Sealing or Lining - Flexible
Membrane
Author: National Resources Conservation Service
This document identifies the acceptable minimums
for five different geomembrane material types including: HDPE,
LLDPE, PVC, EPDM, and GCL.
Paper
Title: NRCS Conservation Practice Standard
359, Waste Treatment Lagoons
Author: National Resources Conservation Service
This document identifies general criteria
for all lagoons and specific criteria for anaerobic and naturally
aerobic lagoons.
Specifications
and Information Regarding the Installation of Lining Systems:
International
Association of Geosynthetic Installers (IAGI)
geosynthetica.net Search
page - Specifications
geosynthetica.net Search
page - Specifications Listed by Category
geosynthetica.net Search
page - Standards
geosynthetica.net Search
page - Standards Listed by International Organization
ASTM
D35 Committee on Geosynthetics
Huesker's
Odor-Controlling Composite Floating Cover
Zeomat® Brochure
Huesker's contact information
National
Resources Conservation Service - Environmental Quality Incentives
Program (EQIP)
Learn more about NRCS's EQIP
Program
Paper
Title: Canal
Lining Demonstration Project 10 Year Final Report- (Executive Summary)
Author: Jay Swihart and Jack Haynes
Reclamation has constructed 34 canal-lining
test sections in 11 irrigation districts in four States to
assess durability and effectiveness (seepage reduction) over
severe rocky subgrades. The lining materials include combinations
of geosynthetics, shotcrete, roller compacted concrete, grout
mattresses, soil, elastomeric coatings, and sprayed-in-place
foam. Twenty-eight test sections are located in central Oregon,
three are in Montana, two are in Idaho, and one is in Oklahoma.
Each test section typically covers 15,000 to 30,000 square
feet. The test sections now range in age from 1 to 10 years.
Preliminary benefit/cost (B/C) ratios have been calculated
based on initial construction costs, maintenance costs, durability
(service life), and effectiveness (determined by preconstruction
and postconstruction ponding tests).
If you are interested in obtaining the entire
report, please click
here for full contact information.
Research
Groups and Manufacturers Actively Participating in Water Conservation
and Irrigation Systems Control Research
Center
for Irrigation Technology (CIT) - California State University,
Fresno
Irrigation
District Engineering and Assistance Program (IDEA)
Irrigation & Drainage
Research Directory
Irrigation
Association (IA)
Irrigation
Industry Association of British Columbia (IIABC)
National
Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
Texas
Ag Irrigaton Association (TAIA)
US
Department of State (DoS) - Environment and Conservation
US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Office of Water
Erosion
Control Technology Council (ECTC)
Paper
Title: Classifying
Rolled Erosion Control Products: A Current Perspective
Authors: Tim Lancaster and Deron N. Austin
Strict local, state and U.S. federal water
quality legislation has made engineers,
architects, contractors and land owners more aware of their responsibilities
to employ
effective and economical erosion and sediment control practices. The
recent
implementation of the NPDES Phase II has made this need even more acute.
The EPA
reports that in fiscal year 2003 $2.9 billion in fines and injunctive
relief was assessed.
These funds will go toward clean up of polluted sites and protection
against further
environmental harm.
Valuable
Resources
American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Erosion
Control Technology Council (ECTC)
GFR
Magazine
Geosynthetic
Institute (GSI)
International
Association of Geosynthetics Installers (IAGI)
International
Geosynthetics Society (IGS)
Natural
Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
 Additional
Material and Information Not Referenced in the Article
White Paper
Title: White
Paper #6: Geomembrane Lifetime Prediction: Unexposed and Exposed Conditions
Authors: Robert M. Koerner, Y. Grace Hsuan and George R. Koerner
Paper
Title: Animal
Waste Containment and Anaerobic Digestors (abstract)
Author: Ronald K. Frobel
This paper is not available electronically in its entirety. To obtain
a hardcopy, please contact Marilyn
Ashley at the Geosynthetic
Institute.
Of Interest
geosynthetica.net has since been informed, post-production, that engineers
may apply for and receive unique variances for products to use in
cost share programs with the NRCS-USDA. gsa Underwriter, Bend
Tarp and Liner, acquired such a variance
for their PPL24 geomembrane liner.
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To read more on gsa's efforts to raise up the
geosynthetics industry through the insurance industry, please follow
the links below:
Title: Improving
Projects, Economy, and Industry
Under the Certification column in September's
GFR, authors Ian Peggs of I-CORP
INTERNATIONAL and gsa's Elizabeth Peggs examine why geosynthetics
are not receiving the attention they deserve, and, subsequently,
not achieving their expected market share.
Title: Insurance
- Construction Risk Mangement
In GFR's September 2004 issue, Lara Deans
Peggs and Elizabeth Peggs have identified an opportunity to
expand the role and acceptance of geosynthetic materials while
improving the quality of the work performed and reducing liability.
Currently, they are working to develop a program for the insurance
industry. The program will help engineers, designers, owners
and contractors improve the overall quality of the geosynthetic
component in their projects.
Title: Risk
Assessment and Insurance for Containment Systems
Offered at GRI 17 Conference, December 2003,
this paper authored by Ian Peggs, Elizabeth Peggs, and J. P.
Duhalde proposes a method to minimize insurance claims and
to improve the performance of geomembrane and GCL-based lining
systems thereby making geosynthetics more acceptable to facility
owners, engineers, and regulators.
Title: Geosynthetics
Risk Management: A Tool to Drive the Geo-Economy
Authored by Elizabeth Peggs, from the May
2004 IAGI Newsletter: geosynthetica.net has identified an
opportunity to expand the marketplace, to
improve the quality of the work
performed with geosynthetic materials and to reduce liability.
The Geosynthetics Risk Management Program will require engineers,
designers, owners and contractors to improve the quality of
the geosynthetic component in their projects.
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Title: Geomembranes
Liner Durability: Contributing Factors and the Status Quo
Author: I. Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL
Title: Risk
Assessment and Insurance for Containment Systems
Authors: I. Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL,
Elizabeth Peggs, geosynthetica.net, and J. P. Duhalde
Title: Improving
Projects, Economy, and Industry
Authors: Ian Peggs and Elizabeth Peggs, I-CORP
INTERNATIONAL and geosynthetica.net
Title: RPP
Floating Covers - An Overview of Cracking
Author: Ian Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL
Title: Stress
Cracking in HDPE Geomembranes: What It Is and How to Avoid
It
Author: Ian Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL
Title: The
Likely Medium to Long-Term Generation of Defects in Geomembrane
Liners (pdf 3.07 MB)
Authors: Needham, Gallagher, Peggs, Howe, and Norris
Title: The
Service Life of Geomembranes Liners - Introduction and Overview
Author: Adrian Needham, Edge Consultants
Title: The
Service Life of Geomembranes Liners - Electrical Leak Location
Systems
Author: Vladimir Nosko, Sensor (a geosynthetica underwriter)
Title: The
Service Life of Geomembranes Liners - Actions to be Taken
Author: Ian Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL (a geosynthetica underwriter)
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Title: Both
Economy and Ecology Speak in Favour of Geosynthetics
Written by: Kent von Maubeuge, Naue Fasertechnik (a geosynthetica underwriter)
Title: Forensic
Analysis of the Performance of Geomembrane and GCL Lining Systems
Written by: Ian Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL (a geosynthetica underwriter)
Title: Geomembrane
and GCL Mining Usage Tests
Written by: Crouse, Jacobs, Corser, and Redmond
Title: Geotextile/Geonet
Composite CQA Plan
Written by: Ian Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL (a geosynthetica underwriter)
Title: I
Geocompositi Bentonitici per la Messa in Sicurezza di Discariche
Industriali
Written by: Lo Grasso, M. Maugeri, and G. Tresso
Title: Landfill
Project in Meia Serra (Madeira), Portugal
Written by: Naue Fasertechnik (a geosynthetica underwriter)
Title: Learning
from the Problems of Others
Written by: Ian Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL (a geosynthetica underwriter)
Title: Overview
of Liner Integrity and Leak Location Technologies
Written by: Ian Peggs, I-CORP INTERNATIONAL (a geosynthetica underwriter)
Title: Overview
of the Second Symposium on Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Written by: Bob Mackey
Title: Recommended
Design Strength for Needlepunched Geosynthetic Clay Liner Products
Written by: W. Allen Marr and Barry Christopher
Title: Risk
Assessment and Insurance for Containment Systems
Written by: I. Peggs, E. Peggs, and J. P. Duhalde
Title: The
Questionable Strategy of Soil-Only Landfilll Covers - A White
Paper
Written by: Geosynthetics Research Institute (GRI)
Title: A
Multiple-Scale Investigation of GCL Interaction with Leachate
Written by: Guyonnet Clinard Didier Duquennoi Gaboriau Gaucher Hébé Norotte
Pons Touze-Foltz
Title: An
Evaluation of Geosynthetic Clay Liners to Minimize Geomembrane
Leakage Caused by Protrusions in Subgrades and Compacted Clay
Liners
Written by: D. Narejo, G. Corcoran, R. Zunker
Title: Bentonite
as Sealing Material in Geosynthetic Clay Liners - Influence
of the Electrolytic Concentration, the Ion Exchange and Ion
Exchange with Simultaneous Partial Desiccation on Permeability
Written by: T.A. Egloffstein
Title: Changes
in Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs)
Related to Double Layer Thickness
Written by: Randal Osicki (English and French)
Title: Characterization
of GCL Shear Strength Variability
Written by: John S. McCartney and Jorge G. Zornberg (English and French)
Title: Comparison
of Different Shear Tests for GCLs and the Use of these Data
in Design
Written by: T. Eichenauer, P. Reither
Title: Comparison
of Leachate Flow Through Compacted Clay Liners and Geosynthetic
Clay Liners in Landfill Liner Systems
Written by: Giroud, Soderman, Badu-Tweneboah
Title: Compatibility
of a GCL with Arctic Diesel Before and After Freeze Thaw
Written by: R. K. Rowe, T. Mukunoki and R. J. Bathurst
Title: Containment
of Oils with Geosynthetic Clay Liners Using Natural Soil-Moisture
for Bentonite Hydration
Written by: Ashraf Jahangir, David E. Daniel
Title: Cost
and Performance Evaluation of Alternative Final Covers
Written by: E. Kavazanjian and J.G. Dobrowolski
Title: Current
Industry Performance and Construction Issues Related to GCLs
Written by: Richard Thiel and Kent von Maubeuge
Title: Desiccation
Behaviour of Selected Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Written by: Sivakumar Babu, Sporer, Zanzinger, Gartung
Title: Design
and Application of Geomembrane Supported GCL in One-Product
and Encapsulated Composite Liner Systems
Written by: R.B. Erickson, R. Thiel
Title: Design
and Application of Geomembrane Supported GCL in One-Product
and Encapsulated Composite Liner Systems
Written by: P.L. Davies, K.R. Legge
Title: Designer's
Forum - Alternative Composite Liner Applications
Written by: Gregory N. Richardson, G. David Garrett
Title: Effect
of Gravel Subgrade on Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic
Clay Liner
Written by: Hsin-Yu Shan and Ray-Ho Chen
Title: Effectiveness
of a Needle Punched GCL in Mitigating Landfill Gas Migration
Written by: T. Vangpaisal and A. Bouazza
Title: Equivalency
of Composite Geosynthetic Clay Liners as a Barrier to Volatile
Organic Compounds
Written by: Gary J. Foose, Craig H. Benson, T.B. Edil
Compiled by Andre Rollin and found on InfoGEOS.com is
a comprehensive list
of papers of over 300 references for GCLs.
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May 2004