Standard: ASTM D5779 - 08 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Apparent Specific Gravity of Rock and Manmade Materials for Erosion Control   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity of rock or man-made materials for erosion control. 1.2 This is a field test method to measure apparent specific gravity. For laboratory determination of bulk specific gravity see Test Method D 6473. 1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are given for information only. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D5779 - 08 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Apparent Specific Gravity of Rock and Manmade Materials for Erosion Control, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:803 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: ASTM D629 Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)   Author Agency: ASTM WITHDRAWN 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the fiber blend composition of mixtures of the fibers listed in 1.2. Procedures for quantitative estimation of the amount of moisture and certain nonfibrous materials in textiles are also described, for use in the analysis of mixtures, but these are not the primary methods for the determination of moisture content for commercial weights. 1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the following fiber types: 1.2.1 Natural Fibers: 1.2.1.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Cotton Hemp Flax Ramie 1.2.1.2 Protein-Base Fibers: Animal hairs (other than wool) Silk, cultivated Silk, Tussah Wool 1.2.2 Man-Made Fibers: 1.2.2.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Acetate (secondary) Rayon, viscose or cuprammonium Triacetate 1.2.2.2 Synthetic-Base Fibers: Acrylic Aramid Modacrylic Nylon 6, Nylon 6-6, others Olefin Polyester Spandex 1.3 These test methods include the following sections and tables: Section Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Methods 4 Uses and Significance 5 Sampling 6 Purity of Reagents 7 Moisture Content or Moisture Regain 8 Nonfibrous Materials 9 Mechanical Separation or Dissection 10 Chemical Test Methods: Summary of Methods 11 Specimens and Symbols 12 No. 1 Acetate Mixed With Other Fibers 13 No. 2 Modacrylic Mixed With Cellulosic Fiber or Wool 14 No. 3 Nylon 6 or Nylon 6-6 Mixed With Natural Fibers or Rayon 15 No. 4 Rayon Mixed With Cotton 16 No. 5 Wool or Polyester Mixed With Cellulosic Fibers or Silk 17 No. 6 Polyester or Acrylic Mixed With Wool 18 No. 7 Natural Cellulosic Material and Rayon Mixed With Acrylic, Modacrylic, and Polyester 19 Referenced Documents 2 No. 8 Polyester Mixed With Olefin 20 No. 9 Polyester Mixed With Acetate or Nylon 6,6-6 21 No. 10 Acrylic Fiber or Linear Spandex Mixed With Nylon or Polyester 22 Microspical Analysis Scope 23 Summary of Method 24 Sampling 25 Apparatus 26 Procedure 27 Indexing Term 28 Table Chemical Methods for Analysis of Fiber Mixtures 1 Solubilities of Various Fibers in Solvents Used in Chemical Methods 2 Comparative Scale for Fineness of Various Textile Fibers 3 Fineness Ranges and Fiber Diameters of Various Textile Fibers 4 Specific Gravity of Various Textile Fibers 5 1.4 The analytical procedures described in the test methods are applicable to the fibers listed in 1.2. The test methods are not satisfactory for the separation of mixtures containing fibers that fall within the same generic class but differ somewhat, either physically or chemically, from each other. These test methods are not satisfactory for the determination of bicomponent fibers. Note 1-For other methods of analysis covering specific determinations, refer to: Test Methods D461, Test Method D584, Methods D885, Test Method D1113, Test Method D1334, and Test Method D2130. Methods for moisture are covered in Methods D885, Test Method D1576, Test Method D2462, Test Method D2495 and Test Methods D2654. For the determination of commercial weight, refer to Test Method D2494. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D629 Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles (Withdrawn 2008), © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:801 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1004-07 Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tear resistance of flexible plastic film and sheeting at very low rates of loading, 51 mm [2 in.]/min. and is designed to measure the force to initiate tearing. The specimen geometry of this test method produces a stress concentration in a small area of the specimen. The maximum stress, usually found near the onset of tearing, is recorded as the tear resistance in newtons [or pounds-force]. The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where brittle failures occur during testing or where maximum extension is greater than 101.6 mm [4 in.]. Note 1—Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm [0.010 in.]. 1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test—This test method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the test specimen. 1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test method by grip separation. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1004-07 Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:10 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1044-99 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion by measurement of its optical effects. 1.2 Abrasive damage is judged by that percentage of transmitted light which, in passing through the abraded track, deviates from the incident beam by forward scattering. For the purpose of this test method, only light flux deviating more than 0.044 rad (2.5°) on the average is considered in this assessment of abrasive damage. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 1-Recent attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss determinations of various plastics, like earlier ones, have been unsuccessful because of excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insufficient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method. Note 2-For determining resistance to abrasion of plastics by measurement of volume loss, reference should be made to Test Methods D1242. Note 3-For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D4060. This test uses more aggresive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels. It suffers from poor reproducibility between laboratories when numerical abrasion resistance values are used. Interlaboratory agreement improves significantly when ranking a series of coatings for their abrasion resistance. Note 4-This test method is similar to ISO 3444, and ISO 4586/2. Their technical content is somewhat different. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 7.1.2.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1044-99 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:562 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1149-99 Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration - Surface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the resistance of vulcanized rubber to cracking when exposed to an atmosphere containing ozone. The rubber specimens are kept under a surface tensile strain, and the ozone content or partial pressure in the test chamber is maintained at a fixed value. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Note 1 and 7.1. Note 1-Ozone is a hazardous chemical.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1149-99 Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration - Surface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:11 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1203-94(2003) Standard Test Methods for Volatile Loss From Plastics Using Activated Carbon Methods   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of volatile loss from a plastic material under defined conditions of time and temperature, using activated carbon as the immersion medium. 1.2 Two test methods are covered as follows: 1.2.1 Test Method A, Direct Contact with Activated Carbon—In this test method the plastic material is in direct contact with the carbon. This test method is particularly useful in the rapid comparison of a large number of plastic specimens. 1.2.2 Test Method B, Wire Cage—This test method prescribes the use of a wire cage, which prevents direct contact between the plastic material and the carbon. By eliminating the direct contact, the migration of the volatile components to the surrounding carbon is minimized and loss by volatilization is more specifically measured. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—This standard is similar in content (not technically equivalent) to ISO 176-1976(E).   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1203-94(2003) Standard Test Methods for Volatile Loss From Plastics Using Activated Carbon Methods, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:12 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1204-07 Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of changes in linear dimensions of nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting or film that result from exposure of the material to specified conditions of elevated temperature and time. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—This test method and ISO 11501 address the same matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods).   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1204-07 Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:13 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1238-04c Standard Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers measurement of the rate of extrusion of molten resins through a die of a specified length and diameter under prescribed conditions of temperature, load, and piston position in the barrel as the timed measurement is being made. 1.2 Procedure A is a manual cutoff operation based on time used for materials having flow rates that fall generally between 0.15 and 50 g/10 min. Procedure B is an automatically timed flow rate measurement used for materials having flows from 0.50 to 900 g/10 min. By both procedures, the piston travel is generally the same during the timed measurement; the piston foot is about 46 and 20.6 mm above the die. Comparable flow rates have been obtained by these procedures in interlaboratory round-robin measurements of several materials described in 12.1. Provision is made for calculation of melt volume-flow rate as well as melt mass-flow rate. Note 1—Round-robin testing indicates this test method may be suitable at flow rates up to 1500 g/10 min if the timing clock resolves the elapsed time to the nearest 0.01 s. Note 2—This test method and ISO 1133-1991 are technically equivalent. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 10, Note 26, and Note 29.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1238-04c Standard Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:14 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1239-98 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Films to Extraction by Chemicals   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method for resistance of plastic films to chemicals covers the measurement of the weight loss of film after immersion in chemicals. Note 1 There is no ISO standard similar or equivalent to test method. Note 2 Film is defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm [0.010 in.], in accordance with Termninology D 883. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in other units are nominal values given for information only. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1239-98 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Films to Extraction by Chemicals, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:726 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1248-05 Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials For Wire and Cable   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This specification provides for the identification of polyethylene plastics extrusion materials for wire and cable in such a manner that the seller and the purchaser can agree on the acceptability of different commercial lots or shipments. The tests involved in this specification are intended to provide information for identifying materials according to the types, classes, categories, and grades covered. It is not the function of this specification to provide specific engineering data for design purposes. 1.2 This specification does not allow for the use of recycled plastics (see Note 0). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2 No ISO equivalent. Note 3 This standard has undergone major revision from the reapproval of 1989 and now covers only polyethylene for wire and cable applications. For information regarding molding and extrusion materials, see Specification D 4976. For information regarding plastic pipe materials, see Specification D 3350. Note 0 See Guide D 5033 for information and definitions related to recycled plastics.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1248-05 Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials For Wire and Cable, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:629 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1249-92(1999) Standard Specification for Octyl Ortho-Phthalate Ester Plasticizers   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers octyl orthophthalate ester plasticizers, suitable for use in the compounding of plastics. Note 1-There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject of this specification. Note 2-The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the type of plasticizer covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. These will be added to this specification as their inclusion becomes desirable and the necessary test data and methods become available. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1249-92(1999) Standard Specification for Octyl Ortho-Phthalate Ester Plasticizers, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:530 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1336-97(2003) Standard Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven Fabrics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn distortion of one set of yarns over the other in woven cloth following the application of surface friction. This test method especially is applicable to open-weave fabrics, such as nettings, marquisettes, gauzes, chiffons, and heavier fabrics made from slippery surface yarns. Note 1—For the determination of yarn slippage in woven fabrics, refer to Test Method D 434. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1336-97(2003) Standard Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven Fabrics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:454 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1388-07 Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided. 1.1.1 Option A- Cantilever Test, employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own mass. 1.1.2 Option B- Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically. 1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The U.S. Customary units may be approximate. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1388-07 Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:15 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1424-96(2004) Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) Apparatus   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a fabric and using a falling-pendulum type (Elmendorf) apparatus. 1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven, layered blankets, napped pile, blanket, and air bag fabrics, provided the fabric does not tear in the direction crosswise to the direction of the force application during the test. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with, or without, wetting. 1.3 This method is suitable only for the warp direction tests of warp-knit fabrics. It is not suited for the course direction of warp knit fabrics or either direction of most other knitted fabrics. 1.4 The values stated in other SI units or U.S. customary units are to be regarded as standard, but must be used independently of each other. The U.S. customary units may be approximate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1424-96(2004) Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) Apparatus, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:783 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1435-05 Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for the exposure of plastic materials to weather. Note 1-See Practice G24 for aging under glass. 1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the material is to be exposed and the general procedure to be followed. It is intended for use with finished articles of commerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of test specimens. 1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use for the test material. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2-This standard and ISO 877.2-1991, Method A, are technically equivalent.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1435-05 Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:493 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1505-03 Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of solid plastics. 1.2 This test method is based on observing the level to which a test specimen sinks in a liquid column exhibiting a density gradient, in comparison with standards of known density. Note 1-The comparable ISO method is R1183-1987. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1505-03 Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:16 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1525-07 Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers determination of the temperature at which a specified needle penetration occurs when specimens are subjected to specified controlled test conditions. 1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, nonrigid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), or other materials having a wide Vicat softening range. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 Due to the potential safety and environmental hazards associated with mercury-filled thermometers, the use of alternative temperature measuring devices (such as thermocouples and RTDs) is encouraged. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—This test method and ISO 306:1987(E) are technically equivalent, with the exception of the allowance for creep, prior to beginning the test, in this test method.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1525-07 Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:484 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1577-07 Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of mass per unit length (linear density) of textile fibers and filaments. Direct weighing and vibroscope procedures with modifications for crimped and uncrimped fibers are included. The options and sections are listed below. Option A-Fiber Bundle Weighing, B-Single-Fiber Weighing, C-Vibroscope, General, C1-Uncrimped Fibers, C2-Crimped Fibers Precision and Bias. Note 1 - For linear density of short lengths of yarn, refer to Test Method D 1059. For cotton linear density, refer to Test Methods D 1769, and D 2480. For measurement of wool diameter, refer to Test Methods D 1282, D 2130 and D 3510. 1.2 The crimp, taper and cross-sectional shape of the fiber may influence the linear density measured by single-fiber weighing and vibroscope. 1.3 These test methods measure the linear density of fibers with moisture in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles. The fiber moisture under these conditions is not necessarily the same as the commercial moisture regain for the fibers. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This test method option covers the measurement of the average linear density of textile fibers by cutting and weighing. 1.6 This test method option covers the measurement of the linear density of single fibers. This option is not recommended for fibers shorter than 30 mm. 1.7 These test methods options cover procedures for measuring the linear density of single fibers using the vibroscope. These options are particularly applicable to staple fibers with linear density below 10 dtex (9 denier). Option C-1 is for uncrimped fibers and Option C-2 is for crimped fibers. 1.8 The following procedures are suitable for use on uncrimped fibers or on fibers from which the crimp is removed by the tension applied in the test. Choice of the appropriate procedure is determined by the arrangement of the components comprising the vibroscope apparatus. 1.9 Since the presence of crimp leads to falsely high linear density values, it must be removed by the use of sufficiently heavy tensioning weights. This requirement limits the type of vibroscope which may be used to a variable frequency unit with adequate range to allow for the measurement of the fundamental frequency of vibration of short lengths of fiber under the tension required. Note 2 - When tension normally applied by the equipment used in the procedure described in is adequate to remove crimp, this procedure may be used with lightly crimped fibers.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1577-07 Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:741 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1593-99 Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic sheeting, in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90% vinyl chloride. The remaining 10% may include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof. 1.2 The vinyl chloride plastic sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness. The sheeting shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. The material may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and may be plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1593-99 Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:17 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1599-99(2005) Standard Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of either thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing, or fittings to hydraulic presssure in a short time period. Procedure A is used to determine burst pressure of a specimen if the mode of failure is to be determined. Procedure B is used to determine that a specimen complies with a minimum burst requirement. 1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratory testing requirements for quality control purposes or for procurement specifications. 1.3 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1599-99(2005) Standard Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:507 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1600-99 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 The purpose of this terminology is to provide uniform contractions of terms relating to plastics. Abbreviated terminology has evolved through widespread common usage. This compilation has been prepared to avoid both the occurrence of more than one abbreviated term for a given plastics term and multiple meanings for abbreviated terms. 1.2 The scope of these abbreviated terms includes plastics terms pertaining to composition and relating to type or kind according to mode of preparation or principle distinguishing characteristics. Also included are abbreviated terms for terms relating to copolymers, blends and alloys of plastics, and additives such as plasticizers, fillers, etc. Note 1-A code relating to the composition of rubbers is given in Practice D1418. 1.3 No attempt is made here to systematize formally a shorthand terminology for polymers. Terminology, including nomenclature, codes, symbols, and formula designations for use in scientific literature in the field of natural and synthetic polymers, are being studied and standardized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 1.4 These abbreviated terms are by no means all-inclusive of plastics terminology. They represent, in general, those terms that have come into established use. Since it is recognized that abbreviated terms serve no useful purpose unless they are generally accepted and used, no attempt has been made to establish a rigorous code for devising standard abbreviated terms. This would result in awkward departures from established usage of existing and accepted abbreviated terms and lead to cumbersome combinations in the future, which would not be likely to receive widespread acceptance. The abbreviated terms now in use have grown naturally out of the need for convenient, readily comprehended shorthand for long chemical names. This process can be expected to continue along the natural lines of least resistance and will serve as a basis for further standardization as the need arises. A general guide for the preparation of abbreviated terms appears desirable, however, to facilitate more organized and uniform standardization in the future. An appendix is attached, which suggests a uniform way to prepare abbreviated terms. 1.5 Note that the uppercase letter F should be used to designate phosphate and that other elements may also be designated F.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1600-99 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:729 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1603-06 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black In Olefin Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbon black content in polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene plastics. Its use with acrylic or other polar monomer modifications which might affect the accuracy is not recommended. Determinations of carbon black are made gravimetrically after pyrolysis of the sample under nitrogen. This test method is not applicable to compositions that contain nonvolatile pigments or fillers other than carbon black. 1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to materials containing brominated flame retardant additives at the end. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-This test method is similar to ISO 6964-1986(E) in title only. The technical content is significantly different.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1603-06 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black In Olefin Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:18 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1621-04a Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compressive properties of rigid cellular materials, particularly expanded plastics, based on test machine crosshead motion. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-This test method and ISO 844 are technically equivalent.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1621-04a Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:19 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1622-08 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the density of a cellular plastic. Density can be evaluated as the apparent overall density (includes forming skins) or by apparent core density (forming skins removed). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 845.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1622-08 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:450 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1683-04 Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Apparel Fabrics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method measures the sewn seam strength in woven fabrics by applying a force perpendicular to the sewn seams. Note 1—The grab test procedure in Test Method D 5034 shall be used to determine any characteristic in fabric that can affect the measurement of sewn seam strength. 1.1.1 This test method is applicable to sewn seams obtained from a previously sewn article or seams sewn with fabric samples using either a specific seam assembly (see )Table 1, or production seam assemblies. 1.2 This test method is used when a breaking force to rupture, a minimum elongation, or both are required to determine the sewn seam strength, seam slippage, or seam integrity of a particular fabric for a specified end use. Note 2—This test method is used in conjunction with Test Method D 5034, which is used to measure breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics. Sewn seams in woven fabrics can fail due to rupture, slippage, or any combination thereof. Rupture can be further categorized as failure or fabric, or sewing thread, or seam slippage. 1.3 This test method does not predict actual wear performance of a seam. 1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units (SI) or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1683-04 Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Apparel Fabrics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:582 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1693-07 Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Termninology D 883, to environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit mechanical failure by cracking. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1693-07 Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:20 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1708-06a Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics By Use of Microtensile Specimens   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers certain material specifications for which a history of data has been obtained using the standard microtensile specimen. The specimen geometry has been changed to be equivalent to that of ISO 12086-2:1955. In general, this test method is superseded for general use by either Test Methods D 882 or Test Method D 638. The very small Type V specimen in Test Method D 638 is the recommended specimen when limited amounts of material are available. 1.2 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of plastics in the form of standard microtensile test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. It can be used for specimens of any thickness up to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.), including thin films. 1.3 This test method cannot be used for the determination of modulus of elasticity. For the determination of modulus, see Test Method D 638 or Test Methods D 882. 1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—There is no equivalent or similar ISO standard.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1708-06a Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics By Use of Microtensile Specimens, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:675 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1709-04 Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy that causes plastic film to fail under specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart. This energy is expressed in terms of the weight (mass) of the missile falling from a specified height which would result in 50 % failure of specimens tested. 1.2 Two test methods are described: 1.2.1 Test Method A employs a dart with a 38.10 0.13-mm [1.500 0.005-in.] diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 0.66 0.01 m [26.0 0.4 in.]. This test method may be used for films whose impact resistances require masses of about 50 g or less to about 2 kg to fracture them. 1.2.2 Test Method B employs a dart with a 50.80 0.13-mm [2.000 0.005-in.] diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 1.50 0.03 m [60.0 + 0.25, 1.70 in.]. Its range of applicability is from about 0.3 kg to about 2 kg. 1.3 Two testing techniques are described: 1.3.1 The standard technique is the staircase method. By this technique, a uniform missile weight increment is employed during test and the missile weight is decreased or increased by the uniform increment after test of each specimen, depending upon the result (fail or not fail) observed for the specimen. 1.3.2 The alternative technique provides for testing specimens in successive groups of ten. One missile weight is employed for each group and missile weight is varied in uniform increments from group to group. 1.3.3 The staircase technique and the alternative technique give equivalent results both as to the values of impact failure weight which are obtained and as to the precisions with which they are determined. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only. Note 1—Tests on materials that do not break, for any reason, are not considered to be valid. It has been noted that certain materials may stretch so far as to bottom out at the base of certain test instruments without actually rupturing. Subcommittee D20.19 is currently considering methods for testing these materials. Anyone interested in participating in a Task Group should contact the Chairman of Subcommittee D20.19 through ASTM International Headquarters. Note 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 7765-1: 1988, with the exception of a larger tolerance on the drop height in Test Method B. Also, the ISO method does not allow the alternative testing technique described in Section of this test method. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1709-04 Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:595 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1755-92(2001) Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements for homopolymers of vinyl chloride in original powder form intended for subsequent mixing and processing in thermoplastic compositions. These resins have a nominal specific gravity of 1.4 and a theoretical chlorine content of 56.8%. 1.2 Two types of resin have been recognized: general purpose and dispersion. When mixed with the customary amount of plasticizer, general-purpose resins yield a dry or moist powder while dispersion resins yield a liquid slurry. Since many resins are polymerized to meet special requirements, a system of classification has been provided that permits a wide choice of grades. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1—This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1264-1980. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1755-92(2001) Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:531 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1777-96 Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most textile materials. 1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing thickness, except as provided for in another standard such as listed in Section 2. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound may be approximate. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1777-96 Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:21 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1784-06a Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers rigid PVC and CPVC compounds intended for general purpose use in extruded or molded form, including piping applications involving special chemical and acid resistance or heat resistance, composed of poly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), or vinyl chloride copolymers containing at least 80 % vinyl chloride, and the necessary compounding ingredients. The compounding ingredients may consist of lubricants, stabilizers, non-poly(vinyl chloride) resin modifiers, pigments, and inorganic fillers. Note 1—Selection of specific compounds for particular end uses or applications requires consideration of other characteristics such as thermal properties, optical properties, weather resistance, etc. Specific requirements and test methods for these properties shall be by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller. 1.2 Rigid PVC compounds intended for pipe, fittings, and other piping appurtenances are covered in Specifications D 3915 and D 4396. 1.3 Rigid PVC compounds for exterior building product applications are covered in Specification D 4216. 1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this specification. 1.5 Rigid PVC recycle plastics meeting the requirements of this specification may be used in some applications. Refer to the specific requirements in the materials and manufacture section of the applicable product standard. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. 1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2—This specification is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1163-1: 1985 and ISO 1163-2: 1980.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1784-06a Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:505 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1785-06 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe made in Schedule 40, 80, and 120 sizes and pressure-rated for water (see Appendix X1). Included are criteria for classifying PVC plastic pipe materials and PVC plastic pipe, a system of nomenclature for PVC plastic pipe, and requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, sustained pressure, burst pressure, flattening, and extrusion quality. Methods of marking are also given. 1.2 The products covered by this specification are intended for use with the distribution of pressurized liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing. Note 1—Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious saftey hazards should a system fail for any reason. 1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in Note 8. Note 2—CPVC plastic pipes, Schedules 40 and 80, which were formerly included in this specification, are now covered by Specification F 441. Note 3—The sustained and burst pressure test requirements, and the pressure ratings in the Appendix X1, are calculated from stress values obtained from tests made on pipe 4 in. (100 mm) and smaller. However, tests conducted on pipe as large as 24-in. (600-mm) diameter have shown these stress values to be valid for larger diameter PVC pipe. Note 4—PVC pipe made to this specification is often belled for use as line pipe. For details of the solvent cement bell, see Specification D 2672 and for details of belled elastomeric joints, see Specifications D 3139 and D 3212.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1785-06 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:524 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1790-02 Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastic Sheeting by Impact   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method covers the determination of that temperature at which plastic sheeting 1.00 mm (0.040 in.) or less in thickness exhibits a brittle failure under specified impact conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 1-This test method was developed jointly with the Society of the Plastics Industry, primarily for use with plasticized vinyl sheetings. Its applicability to other plastic sheetings must be verified by the user. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 4. Note 2-This test method is similar to ISO 8570-1991 in title only. The technical content is significantly different.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1790-02 Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastic Sheeting by Impact, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:22 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1822-06 Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to rupture standard tension-impact specimens of plastic or electrical insulating materials. Materials that can be tested by this test method are those too flexible or too thin to be tested in accordance with Test Methods D256, as well as more rigid materials. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 1-A complete metric companion to Test Method D1822 has been developed-D1822M. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1822-06 Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:23 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1922-03a Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average force to propagate tearing through a specified length of plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen. 1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly identical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some plastic films, and (3) the difficulty found in testing highly extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproducibility of the test results may be variable and, in some cases, not good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to compensate for oblique directional tearing which may be found with some materials. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 13.1. Note 1—This standard and ISO 6383-2 are technically equivalent.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1922-03a Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:508 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1929-96(2001)e1 Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This fire test response test method² covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace. 1.2 Caution-During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that may be hazardous to personnel. Adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator. 1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.2 and 1.4. Note 1- This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all technical details.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1929-96(2001)e1 Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:699 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1938-02 Standard Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force necessary to propagate a tear in plastic film and thin sheeting (thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) or less) by a single-tear method. The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where brittle failures occur during testing. Note 1—Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.). 1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test—This test method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the test specimen. 1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test method by grip separation. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2—This standard is similar to ISO 6383-1, but is not considered technically equivalent. The specimen size for ISO 6383-1 is larger, and the method specifies different test speeds.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1938-02 Standard Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:698 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1987-95 (2002) Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters   Author Agency: ASTM 1.1 This test method is used to determine the potential for, and relative degree of, biological growth which can accumulate on geotextile or geotextile/soil filters. 1.2 This test method uses the measurement of flow rates over an extended period of time to determine the amount of clogging. 1.3 This test method can be adapted for nonsaturated as well as saturated conditions. 1.4 This test method can use constant head or falling head measurement techniques. 1.5. This test method can also be used to give an indication as to the possibility of backflushing and/or biocide treatment for remediation purposes if biological clogging does occur. 1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in inch-pound units are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Purchase this standard online Extracted, with permission, from D1987-95 (2002) Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters, © ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International by clicking the link above. gsa standard id:24 CONTACT INFO: ASTM International Dorothy Savini 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States of America Phone: (610) 832-9678 Fax: (610) 832-9555 Email: service@astm.org Website: http://www.astm.org

Standard: D1998-04 Standard Specification for Polyethylene Upright Storage Tanks   Author Agency: ASTM 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers flat-bottom, upright, cylindrical tanks molded in one-piece seamless construction by rotational molding. The tanks are molded from polyethylene for above ground, vertical installation and are capable of containing aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship and appearance. Tank capacities are from 1900 L [500 gal] up. 1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vessels intended for use at pressures other than atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, this specification does not cover the design of portable tanks. It is also not for vessels intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points, or temperatures above 66C [150F] for Type I tanks and 60C [140F] for Type II tanks for continuous service. NFPA Standards 30 and 31 shall be consulted for installations that are subject to the requirements of these standards. 1.3 Special design considerations not covered in this specification shall be given to vessels subject to superimposed mechanical forces, such as seismic forces, wind load or agitation; to vessels subject to service temperature in excess of 23C [73.4F]; and vessels subject to superimposed pressure exceeding 25.4 cm [10 in.] of water or 2.5 10 3 MPa [0.36 psi]. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practic