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Environmental management. Vocabulary
BS ISO 14050:2009
Communication is essential in the implementation and operation of environmental management systems. This communication will be most effective if there is a common understanding of the terms used.
BS ISO 14050 contains concepts and their definitions as used in the ISO 14000 series of international standards related to environmental management.
BS ISO 14050 provides you with a compilation of the terms and definitions in use in the field of environmental management. It is also of use to standards developers, particularly those involved with translation, as an aid to maintaining consistency.
This standard is written in the three official ISO languages (English, French and Russian), but also gives the equivalent terms in Spanish, Arabic, German, Finnish, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian, Portuguese and Swedish.
Contents of BS ISO 14050:
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Conventions used in terms and definitions
3 General terms relating to environmental management
4 Terms relating to environmental management systems
5 Terms relating to validation, verification, and auditing
6 Terms relating to product systems
7 Terms relating to life cycle assessment
8 Terms relating to environmental labelling and declarations and to environmental communication
9 Terms relating to greenhouse gases
Annex A (informative) Additional concepts encountered in the international environmental community
Bibliography
Alphabetical index
Alphabetical index of French terms
Alphabetical index of Russian terms
Alphabetical index of Spanish terms
Alphabetical index of Arabic terms
Alphabetical index of German terms
Alphabetical index of Finnish terms
Alphabetical index of Italian terms
Alphabetical index of Dutch terms
Alphabetical index of Norwegian terms
Alphabetical index of Portuguese terms
Alphabetical index of Swedish terms
ID: 805
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Publisher: BSI
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Standard Test Method for Determining Connection Strength Between Geosynthetic Reinforcement and Segmental Concrete Units (Modular Concrete Blocks)
D6638-06
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to determine the connection properties between a layer of geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units used in construction of reinforced soil retaining walls. The test is carried out under conditions determined by the user that reproduce the connection system at full-scale. The results of a series of tests are used to define a relationship between connection strength for a segmental unit-geosynthetic connection system and normal load.
1.2 This is a performance test used to determine properties for design of retaining wall systems utilizing segmental concrete units and soil reinforcing geosynthetics, either geotextiles or geogrids. The test is performed on a full-scale construction of the connection and may be run in a laboratory or the field.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ID: 732
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial Flow
D6574-00(2006)
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the in-plane transmissivity of geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses using a radial flow apparatus. The test is intended to be an index test used primarily for geotextiles, although other products composed of geotextiles and geotextile-type materials may be suitable for testing with this test method.
1.2 This test method is based on the assumption that the transmissivity of the geosynthetic is independent of orientation of the flow and is therefore limited to geosynthetics that have similar transmissivity in all directions and should not be used for materials with oriented flow behavior.
1.3 This test method has been developed specifically for geosynthetics that have transmissivity values on the order of or less than 2 104 m2/s. Consider using Test Method D 4716 for geosynthetics with transmissivity values higher than 2 104 m2/s.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ID: 715
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured Taped Methods
D7272-06
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control and/or quality assurance tests to determine the integrity of seams produced using taped seaming methods. This test method presents the procedures used for determining the quality of taped seams subjected to both peel and shear tests. These test procedures are intended for non-reinforced and reinforced geomembranes.
1.2 The types of tape seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following.
1.2.1 Inseam TapeThis technique requires the membrane to be overlapped a minimum distance. The top sheet is folded back and both the bottom sheet and the top sheet are primed with an adhesive primer. The primer is allowed to flash-off. The tape adhesive is applied to the bottom sheet so that a minimum of the tape will extend out from under the top sheet when laid over the tape. The top sheet is allowed to lay flat over the tape and the release paper is removed by pulling it at a 45 to 90 degree angle, keeping the release paper flat to the surface of the bottom sheet. The seam area is then rolled with a silicone sleeved roller.
1.2.2 Cover Strip TapeThis technique requires the membrane to be overlapped a minimum distance. An area either side of the seam edge is primed. The primer is allowed to flash-off. The cover strip is applied with the adhesive side down centered over the top sheet edge while removing the release paper as it proceeds along centered over the edge of the top sheet. The cover strip is then rolled with a silicone sleeved roller.
1.3 For nondestructive test methods, see Practice D 4437.
1.4 This test method is applicable for seaming processes that use tape adhesive as a seaming mechanism.
1.5 Subsequent decisions as to seam acceptance criteria are made according to the site-specific contract plans, specifications, and contractor quality control/contractor quality assurance (CQC/CQA) documents.
1.6 In case of a material specific test method, this test method shall take precedence.
1.7 Hazardous MaterialsAlways consult the proper material safety data sheets for any hazardous material used for the proper ventilation and protection. The use of the oven in these test methods, in this practice, may accelerate fume production from the test specimen.
1.8 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ID: 716
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Test Method for Determining Stiffness of Geosynthetics Used as Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)
D6575-00(2006)
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness of geosynthetics used as Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRM).
1.2 The method is applicable to TRMs of any fiber content and any number of components.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ID: 709
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
D1929-96(2001)e1
1. Scope
1.1 This fire test response test method² covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.
1.2 Caution-During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that may be hazardous to personnel. Adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.2 and 1.4.
Note 1- This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all technical details.
ID: 699
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Test Method for Determining Geonet Breaking Force
D7179-07e1
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to measure the breaking force of a Geonet.
1.2 This test is applicable for manufacturing quality control (MQC) and construction quality assurance (CQA) testing and is not recommended as a performance test.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ID: 647
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Test Method for Determining Weight Loss From Plastic Materials Exposed to Simulated Municipal Solid-Waste (MSW) Aerobic Compost Environment (Withdrawn 2005)
D6003-96
WITHDRAWN, NO REPLACEMENT,
Withdrawn Rationale:
This test method was used to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to a controlled composting environment. Aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are closely monitored and controlled.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this test method was withdrawn in December 2004 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to a controlled composting environment. Aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are closely monitored and controlled.
1.2 The test is designed to determine the biodegradability of plastic materials, relative to that of a standard material, in an aerobic environment. Aeration of the test reactors is maintained at a constant rate throughout the test and reactor vessels of a size no greater than 4-L volume are used to ensure that the temperature of the vessels is approximately the same as that of the controlled environment chamber.
1.3 Biodegradability of the plastic is assessed by determining the amount of weight loss from samples exposed to a biologically active compost relative to the weight loss from samples exposed to a "poisoned" control.
1.4 The test is designed to be applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the bacteria and fungi present in the simulated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1- There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
ID: 631
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Determining Density of Polyethylene
D2839-02
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of a sample for polyethylene density determination in accordance with Test Method D 1505. The sample consists of a strand produced by extrusion of the polyethylene in accordance with Test Method D 1238, Condition 190/2.16 (Melt Index).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
ID: 626
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Test Method for Determining Molecular Weight Distribution and Molecular Weight Averages of Polyolefins by High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography
D6474-99
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of molecular weight distributions and molecular weight averages of linear polyolefins by high temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This test method uses commercially available polystyrene standards and equipment and is applicable to polyethylenes (excluding high pressre low density polyethylene-LDPE) and polypropylenes soluble in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) at 140°C. This test method is not absolute and requires calibration.
Note 1--Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) often is used as an alternative name for gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Note 2--Specific methods and capabilities of users may vary with differences in columns, instrumentation, applications, software, and practices between laboratories.
Note 3--One general method is outlined herein; alternative analytical practices can be followed and are attached in notes where appropriate.
Note 4--There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units, based on IEEE/ASTM SI-10, are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ID: 649
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Publisher: ASTM
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Standard Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
D4437-08
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For destructive test methods look at other ASTM Standards and Practices.
1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: Thermally Bonded Seams, Hot Air, Hot Wedge (or Knife), Extrusion, Solvent Bonded Seams, Bodied Solvent Bonded Seams, Adhesive Bonded or Cemented Seams, Taped Seams, Waterproofed Sewn Seams.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ID: 35
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Publisher: ASTM
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